Stiell IG, Wells GA, Vandemheen KL, Clement CM, Lesiuk H, De Maio VJ, Laupacis A, Schull M, McKnight RD, Verbeek R, Brison R, Cass D, Dreyer J, Eisenhauer MA, Greenberg GH, MacPhail I, Morrison L, Reardon M, Worthington J. The Canadian C-spine rule for radiography in alert and stable trauma patients. JAMA. 2001 Oct 17;286(15):1841-8.

Stiell IG, Wells GA, Vandemheen K, et al. Variation in emergency department use of cervical spine radiography for alert, stable trauma patients. CMAJ. 1997;156(11):1537-44.

Bandiera, G., Stiell, I. G., Wells, G. A., et. al. The Canadian C-spine rule performs better than unstructured physician judgment. Annals of emergency medicine, 2003;42(3):395-402.

Dickinson G, Stiell IG, Schull M, Brison R, Clement CM, Vandemheen KL, Cass D, McKnight D, Greenberg G, Worthington JR, Reardon M, Morrison L, Eisenhauer MA, Dreyer J, Wells GA. Retrospective application of the NEXUS low-risk criteria for cervical spine radiography in Canadian emergency departments. Ann Emerg Med. 2004;43(4):507-14.

Vaillancourt, C., Stiell, I. G., et. al. The out-of-hospital validation of the Canadian C-Spine Rule by paramedics. Annals of emergency medicine, 2009;54(5):663-671.

Stiell IG, Clement CM, Grimshaw J, et al. Implementation of the Canadian C-Spine Rule: prospective 12 centre cluster randomised trial. BMJ. 2009;339:b4146.

Stiell IG, Clement CM, O'connor A, et al. Multicentre prospective validation of use of the Canadian C-Spine Rule by triage nurses in the emergency department. CMAJ. 2010;182(11):1173-9.

Coffey, F., Hewitt, S., et. al. Validation of the Canadian c-spine rule in the UK emergency department setting. Emergency Medicine Journal, 2011;28(10):873-876.

Michaleff ZA, Maher CG, Verhagen AP, Rebbeck T, Lin CW. Accuracy of the Canadian C-spine rule and NEXUS to screen for clinically important cervical spine injury in patients following blunt trauma: a systematic review. CMAJ. 2012;184(16):E867-76.

Stiell IG, Clement CM, Mcknight RD, et al. The Canadian C-spine rule versus the NEXUS low-risk criteria in patients with trauma. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(26):2510-8.

Dr. Ian Stiell

Canadian C-Spine Rule

age_65

low_risk_factor

rotate_neck_45

Clinically clears cervical spine fracture without imaging in alert, stable trauma patients.

More sens/spec, but more complex, than NEXUS.

Daniel Runde, MD, is currently the assistant residency director and an assistant professor of emergency medicine at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. He received his medical degree at the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine and completed residency in emergency medicine at St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital Center in New York. He recently finished his Medical Education Fellowship at the department of emergency medicine at Harbor-UCLA. Dr. Runde is interested in evidence-based medicine with a focus on patient-important clinical outcomes, CT utilization in the emergency department and education and evaluation in medical education. Currently, he is in the process of obtaining a Masters in Medical Education through the Office of Consultation and Research in Medical Education at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics.

Daniel Runde, MD

San Francisco Syncope Rule

Ottawa Knee Rule

Canadian CT Head Injury/Trauma Rule

Canadian CT Head Rule

Ottawa Ankle Rule

Ottawa Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) Rule for Headache Evaluation

Ottawa SAH Rule

Ottawa Heart Failure Risk Scale (OHFRS)

OHFRS

Ottawa COPD Risk Scale

The Canadian C-spine Rule Clinically clears cervical spine fracture without imaging.

NEXUS C-Spine Rule

SLICS

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) focuses on the health, safety, and well-being of infants, children, and young adults. With about 67,000 members, including pediatricians, medical subspecialists, and surgical specialists, the AAP supports optimal care. Over 45,000 members are board-certified Fellows of the AAP (FAAP). Its mission is to promote children's health and well-being while supporting members' professional needs.

American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)

The American Association for Physician Leadership&reg; (AAPL) is the world&rsquo;s oldest and largest professional association dedicated solely to maximizing physician leadership.&nbsp;From the moment physicians begin their leadership journey through the time they are seasoned leaders, AAPL provides education and training, resources and tools, and content and experiences needed to close gaps between hands-on clinical care, organization system improvements and optimized business outcomes.

American Association for Physician Leadership (AAPL)

American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases

The American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) represents more than 38,000 emergency physicians, emergency medicine residents and medical students. ACEP promotes the highest quality of emergency care and is the leading advocate for emergency physicians and their patients, and the public. Members may earn up to 850 continuing medical education hours every year through ACEP&rsquo;s robust catalog of peer-reviewed publications and on-demand courses presented by world-renowned emergency medicine experts.

American College Of Emergency Physicians

The American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) supports clinicians in delivering high-quality, evidence-based care to gastroenterology patients. Its mission is to advance care for those with gastrointestinal disorders through excellence, innovation, and advocacy. ACG provides members with up-to-date scientific information through annual meetings, the American Journal of Gastroenterology, training courses, and research grants, focusing on digestive health and GI disorder treatments.

American College of Gastroenterology

American College of Rheumatology

The American Gastroenterological Association (AGA), founded in 1897, provides leadership and education to over 16,000 members worldwide, all dedicated to advancing gastroenterology. The AGA&rsquo;s mission is to empower clinicians and researchers to improve digestive health through clinical guidance, practice resources, and peer-reviewed research. Key journals include Gastroenterology, Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and others.

American Gastroenterological Association

American Heart Association

American Urological Association

EB Medicine is the premier provider of evidence-based clinical content and CME resources for emergency medicine practitioners.

EB Medicine

MDCalc CME

Postgraduate Institute for Medicine

The Rome Foundation is a nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing the diagnosis and treatment of Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction (DGBI), also known as functional gastrointestinal disorders. Its mission is to improve the lives of people with DGBI. For over 30 years, the Rome Foundation has worked with scientists and clinicians worldwide to classify and assess GI function and dysfunction, creating symptom-based criteria used in clinical trials and daily practice to guide diagnosis and treatment.

The ROME Foundation

Listen to the VACO co-creators break down how to use VACO\, what it does\, and what it doesn’t.

Calc Function